Ice volcanoes

A very short post for this one, pretty much just because I havent seen them before and they are pretty cool (no pun intended). These are Ice Volcanoes, found on the shores of the Great Lakes and probably other lakes that are at least partially frozen and have waves.

They form when ice on the lake edge starts to move as waves break against and underneath it, the cracks in the ice are exploited and water pushes up and through the cracks, erupting at the surface and sending small flows of slushy ice down the flanks like this:

The Volcanoes can reach several meters in height, forming perfect miniature eruption centres until they melt in the spring:

They can form continuous lines of volcanoes like this one, much like along actual subduction zones and rift valleys:

Not of much value to the course, except illustrating how uniquely challenging some environments are for management, so it should be taken into account when planning coastal defences.